Safety protect your process with the proper flame arresters. The equipment quenches flame propagation through independent passive operation and allows for free vapour flow. Designed for chemical engineers and other technical personnel involved in the design, operation, and maintenance of facilities and equipment where deflagration and detonation flame arresters ddfas may be required, this book fosters effective application and operation of ddfas through treatment. Fundamental studies of explosion arrester mitigation. A deflagration flame arrester can be used on the top of a tank or as an inline safety device where combustible gases are transported through low pressure pipe lines.
A flame arrester uses an element with small apertures which allows gas or vapour to pass. Below are six new configuration forms interactive pdfs for our pressurevacuum vents and flame arresters, emergency vents, tank blanketing, and detonation arresters to help with the sizingquoting process. Flame arresters may also be known as deflagration arresters. The working principle of the flame arrester youtube.
These flame arresters are mounted on the end of a vent pipe from the tank. A flame arrester inside sales rep with a slick used car salesmen attitude at a wellknown company once told me you engineers all want to save the world and build the best mouse trap, you are a bunch of dogooders i would rather have a cheap piece of junk that is marketed and packaged right because i can sell allot of them, heck it doesnt even need to work as long as someone else. This deflagration to detonation is difficult to predict but occurs most often when eddy currents or other turbulence are present in the flames. There are two types of liquid product detonation flame arrester for use in liquid product lines. This can happen if the fire is partially confined or obstructed. Some authors use the term flash fire to describe these lowspeed deflagrations. Connection sizes range from 34 inch up to 36 inches. Motherwell tank protection deflagration inline flame arresters are certified compliant with european atex and ped directives where applicable. Failure can result from enlargement of the apertures due to corrosion, erosion, shock waves, or mishandling during cleaning.
A flame traveling within a pipe may be a confined deflagration. Unlike a propagating flame deflagration, the ideal detonation wave speed has a definite value that can be determined from thermodynamic considerations alone. The series of stainless steel grid assemblies combined with our practically indestructible alumina ceramic flame cell media, we can offer the. For example, flame arresters can stop the spread of a fire, limit the spread of an. A flame arrester also called a deflagration arrester functions by absorbing the heat from a flame front traveling at subsonic velocities, thus dropping the burning gasair mixture below its autoignition temperature. Deflagration and detonation flame arresters wiley online. These flame arresters are always stateoftheart as a result of continuous research and development.
The diference between deflagration and detonation flame arresters flame arresters are mechanical safety devices that prevent a fire flame travelling from one part of a site to another and prevent a flame entering a vessel and igniting vapour. An atmospheric deflagration occurs in the open air. Confined detonation unstable detonation arrester with deflagration to detonation ane ddtflame speed reaches sonic velocity resulting in auto ignition of the gas at overdriven detonation stage. Motherwell tank protection can supply different types of end of line deflagration arresters, suitable for a wide variety of industries and applications. Feb 26, 2018 protego operates the worlds largest research centre for the experimental study of flame arresters. Tornado assisted in creating the csa standard test method for inline flame arresters and firebox flame arresters csa z34398. Inline deflagration test, the flame arrester reliably stops. It is shown that turbulence is predominant in the microchannel of the crimped ribbon flame arresters under the deflagration and detonation conditions, and a new quenching criterion for the. Flame arrester products flame arresters in piping systems. Center for chemical process safety of the american institute of chemical engineers 3 park avenue, new york, new york i001 65991. An inline deflagration flame arrester prevents lightback at deflagration of potentially explosive vapourair and or gasair mixtures.
The bases serve as the connecting interface to the piping system. Flame arresters westech industrial has been working in the petrochemical industry for over 50 years and is a leading manufacturer of inline deflagration and detonation flame arresters. Our complete line of valves enables tank farms to be safely and economically ventilated. When properly applied, protectoseal flame arresters and detonation arresters are effective in preventing the propagation and transmission of a flame or flame front in locations where flammable vaporair or. The housing retains and supports the flame element. Detonation arresters are specifically designed to stop and extinguish detonations, confined deflagrations and unconfined deflagrations. Warning failure to follow these instructions or to properly install and maintain this equipment could result in an explosion, fire andor chemical contamination causing property damage and personal injury or death. Inline detonation flame arrester unstable detonation arresters, equipped with replaceable elements, and suitable for a. An ideal or chapmanjouguet cj detonation is defined as a wave where the burned gas moves at the speed of sound relative to the wave. The flamefilter is made of wound, corrugated metal strips.
Flame arresters designed to prevent the transmission of a deflagration fitted with two pipe connections one on each side of the flame arrester element. Detonation arrestors and deflagration flame arrestors. An early oil industry viewpoint on flame arresters in pipe lines johnson, 1983 went as far as to state that. In the context of the pressure equipment directive ped, motherwell deflagration flame arresters are classified as a piping assembly.
Flame detonation arrestors are passive safety devices designed to prevent the propagation of flame fronts back through lines and piping configurations, and between combustion units and tanks. If the combustion process propagates outward at subsonic speeds slower than the speed of sound, its a deflagration. Deflagration and detonation flame arresters pdf detonation flame arrestors is different from deflagration flame arrestors as it is supersonic and propagates through shock. Need and importance of maintenance inadequate maintenance of flame arresters can result in their failure to perform as required. Its need was initially driven by new environmental legislation, namely the clean air act of the usa. They are static flame arrester measurable type to be thereby charcterised by that the quenching gaps of the flame arrester element can be technically drawn. Health and safety executive flame arresters preventing the spread of fires and explosions in equipment that contains flammable gases and vapours flame arresters preventing the spread of fires and explosions in equipment that contains flammable gases and vapours this is a freetodownload, webfriendly version of hsg158 first edition, published. At flame velocities near the speed of sound, the energy released is in the form of pressure and the results resemble a detonation. Here a flame arrestor should be mounted on the open vent of the tank to guard against flashback into the tank of flames, lightning ignition, and so on of the exiting fumes. The forms are based off information from our winsize program to accurately select the correct equipment for quoting.
Inline detonation flame arresters inline detonation flame arrester. Inline deflagration flame arrester eccentric design. We deliver flame arresters, end of line flame arresters, flame arrester endurance burning. We have been testing all types of flame arresters here for over 50 years. Stabilized burning is an even, steady flame that is stabilized at or near the flame arrester element. Unique to industry, tornado detonation arrestor elements can be cleaned to restore original pressure drops and level of protection. Tornado detonation arrestors utilize alumina ceramic media for flame quenching. If a flame front propagates through a pipe, its speed will increase proportionally to the length of the pipe. Detonation flame arresters, arrestors barton firtop eng co.
Difference between deflagration and detonation flame. Flammer gmbh is your oem supplier of flame arresters and flow straighteners certified to en iso 1682512874atex. Flame arresters in piping systems paradox intellectual properties. Detonation flame arrester with shockabsorber figure 1a. Flamefilter wound out of corrugated metal strips ka 1 0519 gb flame arresters. Detonations and overdriven detonations are most commonly encountered in closed piping systems. An overview of deflagration and detonation prevention and protection practices an overview of combustion and flame propagation and how ddas halt propagation deflagration and detonation flame arrester technology installation in process systems regulations, codes, and. Deflagration and detonation flame arrester technology. Designed for chemical engineers and other technical personnel involved in the design, operation, and maintenance of facilities and equipment where deflagration and detonation flame arresters ddfas. If the explosion moves outward at supersonic speeds faster than the speed of sound, its a detonation. The heat is absorbed through channels passages designed into an element.
This reference covers a broad range of issues concerning ddas, including. Deflagration and detonation flame arresters stanley s. A detonation is a coupled combustionshock wave complex that moves together with a wave speed that is supersonic, between 5 and 10 times the sound speed in the unburned gas ahead of the flame. Endofline flame arresters are designed to protect against atmospheric deflagration where the ignition source originates outside of the system. Enardo flame arrestors use spiral wound, crimpedmetal ribbon flame cell elements to inhibit flame propagation by absorbing and dissipating heat. Designed for chemical engineers and other technical personnel involved in the design, operation, and maintenance of facilities and equipment where deflagration and detonation flame arresters ddfas may be required, this book fosters effective application and operation of ddfas through treatment of their principles of operation, selection. The phenomenon is exploited in pulse detonation engines, because a detonation produces a more efficient combustion of the reactants than a deflagration does, i.
Our portfolio includes inline, free vent, deflagration and detonation flame arrestors. Typical locations for inline and endofline arresters are shown in figure 1, page 4. Protect your process with the proper flame arresters aiche. Westech flame arresters westech industrial has been working in the petrochemical industry for over 50 years and is a leading manufacturer of inline deflagration and detonation flame arresters. Deflagration and detonation arresters ebook, 2002 worldcat. Detonation involves a supersonic exothermic froant accelerating through a medium that eventually drives a shock front propagating directly in front of it. End of line deflagration flame arresters motherwell tank. Figure 3 flame arrestor concept industries using flame arrestors include oil and gas processing and refining, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, waste and sewage treatment, mining, and marine transportation. Flame arresters, detonation arresters, breather vents alnab. We are confident that our technical and scientific knowledge of how a breather vent operates, will ensure that we can assist your site arreaters achieve maximum efficiency and legislative compliance. Deflagration and detonation flame arresters stanley. Deflagration and detonation flame arresters pdf free download. Using the correct type for your application is critical.
Deflagration flame arresters are used to protect stored or process media from deflagrations. Inline deflagration flame arrester approved to en iso 16852. When properly applied, protectoseal flame arresters and detonation arresters are effective in preventing the propagation and transmission of a flame or flame front in locations where flammable vaporair or gas mixtures are present. The limitations that are placed on the location of endofline and ventline inline flame arresters with respect to the ignition source do not apply to detonation arresters. Inline deflagration flame arresters certified to en iso. Detonation flame arrestors is different from deflagration flame arrestors as it is supersonic and propagates through shock. Motherwell deflagration arresters are supplied as complete units ready for direct installation into piping systems. Detonation flame arresters, arrestors barton firtop eng. Deflagration and detonation are two ways energy may be released. In some situations, a subsonic flame may accelerate into a supersonic flame. Us coast guard approved as type 1 detonation arresters.
Endofline deflagration flame arresters protectoseal. Combustion burning is a process by which energy is released. In short, the deflagration flame arrester is designed to stop the initial phase of the explosion and is shorter and lighter than the unstable detonation arrestor, but the deflagration flame arrester has restrictions on its placement within the pipework regarding distance from the source of ignition. Deflagration, inline flame arrester motherwell tank. Protego flame arresters are composed of individual flamefilter flame arrester discs, s spacers, and a casing. Liquid product end of line detonation flame arresters. Deflagration, inline flame arrester in line deflagration arresters suitable for a variety of industries and applications end of line deflagration flame arresters suitable for a wide variety of industries and applications and are suitable for iia, iib3, and iic gas groups. When correctly installed, the devices will extinguish flame fronts travelling from either direction. Try our industry leading endofline deflagration flame arresters acting as a fire trap in even that harshest of industry conditions. The quenching of propane deflagrations by crimped ribbon.
Protect your process with the proper flame arresters p figure 1. Deflagration and detonation flame arresters ebook, 2002. Regular flame arresters had been around for years, but they had very limited applications. When flame velocities are low, the effect of a deflagration is to release heat. Provide protection against flame propagation in piping systems that are manifolded or have long runup distances. A flame arrester has no place in a pipe line unless it is located at or close to the end of a line terminating in an open space where an ignition source is anticipated. The location of such fittingsvales must be considered carefully, adequate support provided and unstable detonation arresters placed. Describe flame arrestor operation and maintenance human development. Installing a flame arrestor where, in fact, a detonation arrestor is required can have disastrous consequences. Flame arresters and detonation arresters that are designed and tested to withstand and stop these various categories of flame fronts are available. If explosive vapour or gas mixtures are ignited in a pipe, a deflagration can develop into a stable detonation if the. The equipment quenches flame propagation through independent passive operation and.
Flame arresters certified to en iso 1682512874atex. A detonation flame arrester also spelled arrestor is a device fitted to the opening of an enclosure or to the connecting pipe work of a system of enclosures and whose intended function is to allow flow but prevent the transmission of flame propagating at supersonic velocity. Stable detonation flame arresters prevent an explosion transmission of deflagrations and stable detonations. Deflagration and detonation flame arresters wiley online books.
For this reason deflagration and stable detonation arresters will fail mechanically as well as pass flame if subjected to ddtunstable detonation forces. Detonation arresters are more robust than flame arresters and limit the spread of an explosion. Typical dfa series detonation flame arrestor dfa series detonation flame arrestor uscg atex approved. Flame arresters or flame arrestors are designed to allow the flow of gases, liquids, etc. Dec 18, 2019 deflagration and detonation flame arresters. Center for chemical process safety of the american institute of chemical engineers 3 park avenue, new york, new york i001 65991 c1. Barton firtop eng co ltd flame arrester data sheets. Any standard procedures and practices developed for a specific plant or process should supersede this manual. Deflagration and detonation flame arrester technology 5. Flame arresters also stop a potentially explosive gas mixture from igniting in the first place. The first patented detonation flame arrester was developed by nicholas roussakis et al.
Our comprehensive product range of safety equipment helps customers reliably protect systems for generating, storing, and transporting gases and liquids of every hazard category against dangers such as endurance burning, deflagration and detonation. The flame arresters consist of two main components. Unlike a propagating flame deflagration, the ideal detonation wave speed has a definite value that can be determined from thermodynamic. Flame arresters are subdivided into different types according to the combustion process endurance burning, deflagration, detonation, and the various subgroups and by type of installation inline, endofline, in equipment. Flame arrestors, figure 941, are valuable and necessary when the danger of flammable fumes exists and a tank is venting directly to atmosphere, with no conservation vent. A prevolume deflagration takes place within a confined volume. This recommended practice is neither a design manual nor a regulatory compliance. Flame arrestors requirementsselection form assentech. Such engines typically employ a shchelkin spiral in the combustion chamber to facilitate the deflagration to detonation transition. Installation, operation and maintenance manual for stable. Designed for chemical engineers and other technical personnel involved in the design, operation, and maintenance of facilities and equipment.